• The effects of opioids such as morphine are mediated

  2022-02-15

  

  The effects of opioids such as morphine are mediated through the opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widely expressed both peripherally and in the CNS (Chen et al., 1993, Evans et al., 1992). The opioid agonist morphine has been shown to amplify the effect of the tubular cell-gp120 interaction on

• Caffeine decreased EAAT and EAAT

  2022-02-15

  

  Caffeine decreased EAAT1 and EAAT2 Ampicillin Trihydrate synthesis levels in P2 fraction, as well as [3H]d-aspartate uptake; however, as soon as caffeine is removed from incubation, [3H]-d-Aspartate uptake is recovered to control levels, eliminating the possibility of caffeine as a cell death induc

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-02-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Quercetin is a relatively abundant bioactive flavonoid with a wide variety of documented physiological effects, which has gained popularity as a nutritional supplement [40]. There is increasing interest in quercetin's anticancer properties (for recen

• The main aim of our study was to

  2022-02-15

  

  The main aim of our study was to identify whether glucokinase and Irs2 were required for beta cell replication induced by short-term HF diet feeding. Glucokinase plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels by catalysing the rate-limiting biochemical reaction of glycolysis [26,27]. In pa

• Although pharmacological studies from the

  2022-02-15

  

  Although pharmacological studies from the end of the 20th century suggested that β1-AR induces a cAMP-dependent apoptosis [30], more recently it has been demonstrated that cAMP, acting through PKA, may be a crucial anti-apoptotic factor in cardiac myocytes [31]. cAMP can also stimulate PI3K, and the

• br Introduction Fructose bisphosphatase FBPase

  2022-02-15

  

  Introduction Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase; EC 3.1.3.11) catalyses the irreversible reaction of hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate [1]. Genetic and kinetic studies so far have demonstrated that at least two distinct isoenzymes of FBPase e

• Senger et al performed a retrospective review of patients

  2022-02-15

  

  Senger et al. performed a retrospective review of 17 patients with ICH on dabigatran or rivaroxaban who received 4F-PCC. Eight patients had a traumatic insulin receptor inhibitor injury (TBI) and nine patients had a spontaneous ICH. Nine patients had a devastating outcome, including severe neurolog

• Canagliflozin Hypoxia HIF and Inflammation Cellular response

  2022-02-15

  

  Hypoxia, HIF, and Inflammation Cellular responses to hypoxia are essential for life and are now recognized to be dysregulated in a wide range of disease processes. The key players in these pathways are a family of transcription factors, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; see Glossary), as well as

• MLN4924 We have shown previously that activation of the TGF

  2022-02-15

  

  We have shown previously that activation of the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway in keratinocytes regulates MLN4924 cytoskeleton organization via non-genomic and genomic mechanisms and that RhoB gene is a target of Smad proteins [12,13]. Although the role of RhoB in early non-genomic TGFβ-induced cell r

• Targeting MCTs is likely to have dramatic effects

  2022-02-14

  

  Targeting MCTs is likely to have dramatic effects on lactate-dependent metabolic symbiosis described in the previous paragraphs. A plethora of MCT inhibitors have been described, including α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) [59], organomercurials [60], stilbene disulfonates [60], and other second-gene

• Although both receptors mGluR and mGluR are present in

  2022-02-14

  

  Although both receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, are present in cortical and hippocampal areas from 1 to 2 weeks old neonates (López-Bendito et al., 2002) we have found that only mGluR1 was regulated after maternal l-Glu consumption. A possible explanation could be based on the different ontogenetic prof

• Bacterial GluRS comes in two

  2022-02-14

  

  Bacterial GluRS comes in two flavors, discriminatory GluRS (D-GluRS) and non-discriminatory GluRS (ND-GluRS). While D-GluRS exclusively catalyses the transfer of Glu to tRNAGlu, the ND-GluRS can also glutamylate tRNAGln forming Glu-tRNAGln. The misacylated product is then transformed to Gln-tRNAGln

• glutamate receptor antagonist Unlike our present results in

  2022-02-14

  

  Unlike our present results in 4–12-week-old (~1–3 months) females, where a high-fat-diet-induced increase in body weight was evident, Schmidt et al. exposed male glut3 mice to a similar high-fat diet (60% kilocalories from fat) and observed no change in body weight, plasma glucose or insulin concent

• It must be noted that

  2022-02-14

  

  It must be noted that while the accumulated evidence on molecular mechanisms has resulted in well-established experimental methods to externally act on single-cell characteristics and networks, safe and efficient external methods to modify multicellular states are still a matter of basic research. C

• In the present studies we

  2022-02-14

  

  In the present studies, we found that genistein did not antagonize fMLF-induced Ca2+ mobilization in FPR1-HL60 l-name and human neutrophils. Thus, the previously reported inhibitory effect of genistein on fMLF-stimulated degranulation, aggregation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in hum

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