• Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in

  2021-02-09

  

  Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in many mammalian cell systems.32, 33, 34 Our results demonstrate that these cytokines also trigger ER stress in trophoblast JEG-3 cells. However, the severity of stress is likely low grade because only the PERK-EIF2A arm of the UPRER pathway was activated.

• Exposure to ultraviolet radiation with sunlight is generally

  2021-02-09

  

  Exposure to ultraviolet radiation with sunlight is generally accepted as the major cause of basal-cell carcinoma (Gallagher et al., 1995). The risk of this disease is significantly increased by age. Skin cancers are the most common tumours of the head and neck region and their prevalence shows progr

• Contrary to the downregulation of S PR family

  2021-02-09

  

  Contrary to the downregulation of S1PR family GPCRs, CLL cells have increased mRNA expression of the lysophosphatidic dextromethorphan hydrobromide (LPA) family receptors LPAR1, LPAR3 and LPAR4 compared to normal B cells [47]. Increased LPAR1 mRNA has been shown to be associated with more aggressiv

• br Introduction The Epstein Barr virus

  2021-02-09

  

  Introduction The Epstein–Barr virus induced gene 2 (EBI2 also known as GPR183) is a G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptor that is predominantly expressed in B and T cells [1,2]. It regulates the trafficking of entospletinib within lymphoid tissues and is highly important for the g

• br The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an

  2021-02-09

  

  The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process that involves the addition of an ubiquitin protein to a substrate that usually becomes inactivated followed by degradation in the proteasome; however, several other functions have also been described. For the discovery of

• Typical examples of CO utilization and reduction technologie

  2021-02-08

  

  Typical examples of CO2 utilization and reduction technologies are catalytic reduction of CO2 to C1 compounds such as CO, formic acid, methanol and so on [[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]], and catalytic organic synthesis using CO2 as a feedstock [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18

• For a physiologically relevant interaction ligand and recept

  2021-02-08

  

  For a physiologically relevant interaction, ligand and receptor have to be expressed in the same place. Collagen II is found primarily in cartilage. DDR2 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in vivo, and its staining pattern in tibial growth plates is similar to that of collagen II. In additio

• Autophagy alterations are frequently reported as

  2021-02-08

  

  Autophagy alterations are frequently reported as one of the pathological mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative diseases, due to incomplete removal of protein Hydrocortisone in the brain [30,41]. It was over a decade ago when mutations in PARK8 encoding for the LRRK2 protein were described as

• We have previously characterized the leucine rich NESs locat

  2021-02-08

  

  We have previously characterized the leucine-rich NESs located within the zinc-binding domains of mucosal high risk HPV16 E7 (76IRTLEDLLM84) and low risk HPV11 E7 (76IRQLQDLLL84) mediating their nuclear export in a CRM1 dependent manner (Knapp et al., 2009, McKee et al., 2013). The zinc-binding doma

• The identification of CRF receptor subtypes has led to a

  2021-02-08

  

  The identification of CRF glycyrrhizic acid subtypes has led to a number of studies addressing its functional properties. This paper examines the evidence for CRF1 and CRF2 mediation of fear and anxiety. Recent reviews discussing specific CRF receptor functions associated with other conditions incl

• Asteroids can provide an abundant supply of other resources

  2021-02-08

  

  Asteroids can provide an abundant supply of other resources, such as carbon, nitrogen, or calcium compounds, but will only be useful once the space economy is sufficiently developed to provide economically interesting uses for them. Others, such as titanium or aluminium, also exist in asteroids, but

• There has recently been some interest in Uba which

  2021-02-08

  

  There has recently been some interest in Uba6, which is most similar to slime mold, with BLAST identities of 59% and positives 73% in the 400–600 ADD range. The 400–600 ADD correlation of the two profiles is a striking 87%, so functional differences probably arise outside the ADD binding domain. Hum

• Mammalian cells contain significant amounts of a relatively

  2021-02-08

  

  Mammalian cells contain significant amounts of a relatively lesser known enzyme that shows marked specifity for ether lipids containing AA and other 20–22 carbon fatty acids. This enzyme is called CoA-independent transacylase (CoA-IT), and transfers polyunsaturated moieties of 20–22 carbons, typical

• Two GPCR subtypes of interest in the myocardium

  2021-02-08

  

  Two GPCR subtypes of interest in the myocardium are the endothelin receptor (ETR) and the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR). Upon ligand binding, these receptors canonically activate the Gαq protein leading to activation of phospholipase C, hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into diacy

• DNA damage represents a persistent threat to

  2021-02-08

  

  DNA damage represents a persistent threat to genomic stability. A critical link exists between DNA mutation, chromosomal rearrangement and cancer development. In myeloid malignancies, various chromosomal translocations and/or mutations increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by DS

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